Porogaramu

Umuyoboro ukomeye wa PVC, ibikoresho bya pipine mubicuruzwa byinshi bya PVC, mugihe cyiterambere ryacu ryihuta, nabwo ni bwo buryo bwo gukoresha imiyoboro itandukanye ya plastike.Binyuze mu kwamamaza no guteza imbere imiyoboro ya PVC mu gihugu cyacu mu myaka yashize, cyane cyane inkunga ya politiki y’igihugu ibishinzwe, umusaruro no gukoresha imiyoboro ya PVC byateye imbere cyane, umusaruro w’igituba cya PVC umaze kurenga 50% muri rusange umusaruro wa pulasitike ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi, inganda, ubwubatsi, ubuhinzi, n'ibindi.

1. Gutezimbere umuyoboro wa PVC

1.1 Ibyiza byumuyoboro wa PVC

Muri rusange umusaruro wa resin, PVC resin ikoreshwa nicyo gito, igiciro cyumusaruro nacyo kiri hasi.Ikoreshwa rya Ethylene kuri toni ya PVC mu Bushinwa ni toni 0.5314, mu gihe ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha Ethylene kuri toni ya polyethylene ari toni 1.042.Imikoreshereze ya Ethylene kuri toni ya PVC resin mu Bushinwa iri munsi ya 50% ugereranije na polyethylene.Umusaruro wa PVC hamwe na gaze ya chlorine mbisi, nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kuringaniza umusaruro wa soda caustic kugirango ubyare gaze ya chlorine, soda ya caustic ni ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi mubukungu bwigihugu.Mubyongeyeho, duhereye kubicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, PVC ninyongeramusaruro zinyuranye zirahuza neza, mugukora imiyoboro irashobora kongerwaho umubare munini wuzuza ibintu bihendutse, kuburyo igiciro cyumusaruro kigabanuka cyane.

Ugereranije n'imiyoboro y'icyuma, umusaruro wa PVC kuri metero kibe PVC n'umusaruro kuri metero kibe ibyuma na aluminiyumu, gukoresha ibyuma ni 316KJ / m3, gukoresha ingufu za aluminium ni 619KJ / m3, gukoresha ingufu za PVC ni 70KJ / m3, ni ukuvuga ibyuma gukoresha ingufu zikubye inshuro 4,5 za PVC, ingufu za aluminium zikubye inshuro 8.8 za PVC.Umusaruro wa PVC utunganya ingufu zikoreshwa ni kimwe cya gatatu cyicyuma kimwe cya diameter.Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko urukuta rw'umuyoboro wa PVC rworoshye, nta kibyimba cyangirika, uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza amazi, bukoreshwa mu guterwa bushobora kuzigama amashanyarazi agera kuri 20%.

Umuyoboro wa PVC ufite imiterere myiza yubukanishi, kandi ufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, uburemere bworoshye mugikorwa cyo gukoresha, kwishyiriraho byoroshye, nta kubungabunga, no gukoresha ibyuma nkumuyoboro rusange w’amazi, mugikorwa cyo gukoresha kubera kwangirika byoroshye, bigomba kenshi isize irangi, igiciro kinini cyo kubungabunga.Ubwubatsi rusange nibikorwa rusange hamwe nu miyoboro yicyuma bigomba gusimburwa mugihe cyimyaka 20, kandi uruhare rwimiyoboro itunganijwe neza ya PVC, ubuzima bwa serivisi kugeza kumyaka 50, nibindi. , imbaraga nyinshi no kurwanya ruswa.

Muri rusange, ukurikije imyanda, amazi mabi hamwe nu miyoboro ihumeka, imiyoboro ya PVC ibika hafi 16-37% yo kwishyiriraho no gukoresha amafaranga kuruta gukoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma;Igiciro cyumuyoboro winsinga ni 30-33% ugereranije nicyuma cyuma cyuma.Uruhare rwa chlorine polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mu mazi ashyushye kandi akonje, ugereranije no gukoresha imiyoboro ingana umuringa ingana na 23-44%.Kubwibyo, kubera ibyiza byumuyoboro wa PVC, ibihugu biratera imbere cyane kandi biteza imbere umuyoboro wa PVC.

1.2 Gukora no gukoresha imiyoboro ya PVC

Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, IGIHUGU CYACU CYATANZWE MODELI ZITANDUKANYE Z'IMODOKA ZA PVC ZIKURIKIRA UMURONGO W'IMBERE Y’IBIHUMBI BIMWE, BIKORESHEJWE N'IGITUBA CYA DALIYA, ZHEJIANG YONGGAO, URUBYIRUKO RWA SHINGI N'UBUNDI BANYARWANDA.Kugeza ubu, mu gihugu cyacu hari inganda zirenga 600 za UPVC (zikomeye za PVC) n’inganda zikoreshwa mu miyoboro, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro urenga toni zisaga miliyoni 1.1 ku mwaka, inganda zirenga 30 zifite toni zirenga 10,000 / umwaka , hamwe ninganda zirenga 60 zifite igipimo cya toni 0.5-10,000 / umwaka, ibikoresho byo gukora imiyoboro ya UPVC hamwe nu miyoboro ya pipine bigerwaho mubyukuri imbere mu gihugu.

MU GIHUGU CYACU, PIPE PVC YATERAMBERE EARLIER KURUSHA PE PIPE NA PP PIPE, ubwoko bwinshi, imikorere myiza, ikoreshwa cyane, ifite umwanya wingenzi kumasoko.Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1999, mu Bushinwa hari imirongo irenga 2000 itanga imiyoboro ya pulasitike, aho ibikoresho byatumizwaga mu mahanga byari hafi 15%.Mu 1999, ubushobozi bwo gukora amoko yose ya plastike yo kuvoma mu gihugu cyacu yarengeje toni miliyoni 1.65 / umwaka, umusaruro nyirizina wa toni zigera kuri miriyoni, naho igituba cya UPVC cyari hejuru ya 50%.

Mu myaka yashize, kwisi kwisi PVC ikoreshwa, isoko ryibikoresho byubaka nkibinini, kandi byihuta byihuta.MU MYAKA YAKOZE, AMAFARANGA YUBAKA YAMERIKA YAMAFARANGA YAFATA 60% YIBICURUZWA BYABO, Uburayi bwiburengerazuba 62%, Ubuyapani 50%, igipimo cyacu kiri munsi ya 30%, icyumba cyo kuzamuka.Mu kubaka ibikoresho, hamwe numuyoboro hamwe na profil cyane cyane, harimo kubaka umuyoboro wamazi, umuyoboro wo kuhira imyaka, umuyoboro wa gaze, umuyoboro wa peteroli, nibindi.

Gukora no gukoresha imiyoboro ya UPVC mu Bushinwa byatangiye gutera imbere byihuse mu gihe cy’imyaka icyenda y’imyaka itanu, ibyo bikaba byaragize akamaro cyane cyane ku nkunga leta yashyizeho ndetse no gusobanukirwa n’umuryango wa UPVC.

Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ry'umuyoboro wa pulasitike ryatejwe imbere cyane mu bwinshi gusa no mu bwoko butandukanye.Kurugero, umuyoboro wa UPVC umaze kurenga 90% mugukoresha amazi mumazu amwe mumijyi, kandi inganda nyinshi za UPVC zabonye inyungu nziza mumyaka yashize.

Mugihe cya CUMI YUMWAKA WA GATANU, IMVUGO ZA UPVC NA PE ZIKORESHEJWE CYANE MU Gutezimbere no gukoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike, nindi miyoboro mishya ya pulasitike yatejwe imbere cyane.Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2005, mu mishinga mishya yo kubaka, kwiyubaka no kwagura igihugu, 50% by'imiyoboro itwara amazi ikoresheje imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 20% by'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi ikoresheje imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 60% by'amazi meza yo kubaka, amazi ashyushye hamwe n'imiyoboro ishyushya ukoresheje imiyoboro ya pulasitike, imiyoboro itanga amazi yo mu mujyi (Dn400 hepfo) 50% ukoresheje imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 60% by'imiyoboro itanga amazi yo mu mudugudu ukoresheje imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 50% by'imiyoboro ya gazi yo mu mijyi (imiyoboro yo hagati n'umuvuduko ukabije) ikoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike, na 80% yo kubaka insinga insinga bushing koresha imiyoboro ya plastike.Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cyo kuvoma plastike mu 2005 kirenga toni zisaga miliyoni 2, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ari PVC.

Mu bihugu byateye imbere, gukoresha imiyoboro ya PVC muri rusange bingana na 70-80% by’isoko ry’imiyoboro ya pulasitike, mu gihe umuyoboro wa PVC mu gihugu cyacu ugera kuri 50% by’umubare rusange w’imiyoboro ya pulasitike, ubushobozi bw’iterambere ry’umuyoboro wa PVC mu gihugu cyacu ni nini cyane.Ikigereranyo cy’imikoreshereze y’imiyoboro ya PVC mu bihugu byateye imbere ni: imiyoboro itanga amazi igera kuri 33%, imiyoboro y’amazi igera kuri 22.3%, imiyoboro y’imyanda igera kuri 15.7%, imiyoboro yo kuhira igera kuri 5.2%, imiyoboro ya gaze ihwanye na 0.8%, indi miyoboro konte ya 22.7%.Ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha imiyoboro ikwiranye nu muyoboro ni nka 1: 8.

Ku isoko ryubwubatsi, hari ubwoko bubiri bwimiyoboro ya PVC ikoreshwa: imwe ni umuyoboro urwanya umuvuduko, umwe ni umuyoboro udafite umuvuduko.Umuyoboro w'icyuma n'umuyoboro w'umuringa wakunze gukoreshwa mu bihe byashize nk'ibikoresho byo kubaka birwanya umuvuduko ntabwo byangirika gusa, ahubwo bikenera no kubungabungwa no kubisimbuza kenshi, hamwe nigiciro kinini.Inyubako zamahanga ubu zikoreshwa cyane umuyoboro wamazi wumuvuduko, umuyoboro wamazi ashyushye ahanini ukoresha umuyoboro wa PVC.Umuyoboro muto wa PVC (umuyoboro wa UPVC, umuyoboro wa CPVC) ufite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito, kurwanya ruswa, kandi ntukeneye kubitaho kenshi no kubisimbuza.Kandi umuyoboro munini wa kalibari ya PVC (diameter muri 100-900mm) aho kuba umuyoboro wicyuma, uzamura umuyoboro muto wibyondo, sisitemu yo gutanga amazi, kurwanya ruswa, uburemere buke.Kuzigama amashanyarazi, amazi meza.Kandi PVC yibanze ya pompe yumuvuduko wubusa nkumuyoboro wamazi wimbere hamwe numuyoboro wamazi yimvura, birashobora gukemura ikibazo cyurusaku rwumuyoboro wamazi.Umuyoboro w'amazi w'ingirakamaro ukorwa mu muyoboro wa PVC udakandamijwe, urwanya ruswa kandi utangirika na hydrogen sulfide, ufite igihe kirekire cyo gukora, uburemere bworoshye, igiciro gito cyo kwishyiriraho, byoroshye guhuza no gufunga, kandi ntibyoroshye kumeneka.Byongeye kandi, kubaka umuyoboro w’umugozi hamwe n’umuyoboro w’uburinzi w’ubutaka ni irindi soko ry’imiyoboro ya PVC, kuri ubu ubwoko bukoreshwa mu Bushinwa ni umuyoboro wagutse utaziguye, umuyoboro w’urukuta kabiri hamwe n’urukuta rumwe.

Umuyoboro wubuhinzi nundi murima mugari wa porogaramu ya PVC.Igihugu cyacu ntigifite amikoro, kuri ubu, igice kinini cyimirima yacu kiracyakoresha kuhira imiyoboro, imyanda y'amazi irakomeye cyane.Kandi kubera kubura amazi, ubutaka bwinshi bwo guhinga ntibuhira neza, kandi umusaruro wibihingwa ni muke.Kandi gukoresha umuyoboro wa PVC mu kuhira birashobora kuzigama amazi agera kuri 50%.Gukoresha ubuhinzi bwa PVC buhoraho cyangwa igice cya kabiri cyo kuhira imyaka, ntabwo bizigama amazi gusa, ahubwo birashobora no kuzamura umusaruro, kwangirika kw ibikoresho nibindi byiza, bizigama cyane ikiguzi cyo kuhira no gutera.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyacu ntikirabona intara yuzuye yo kuhira imiyoboro nyayo, igice kinini cy’igihugu kiracyafite imyumvire y’ibanze yo kuhira imiyoboro, bityo rero, byongera kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere kuhira imiyoboro ya PVC mu cyaro, ubushobozi bwayo ni bwinshi .

1.3 Imiyoboro ya PVC ikoreshwa mubushinwa

UPVC tube: Porogaramu nini ya UPVC ni inganda zubaka.Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu y’amazi n’umuyoboro w’amazi utuye mu ntara n’imijyi itandukanye yo mu gihugu.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'umuyoboro w'amazi, umuyoboro w'imvura n'umuyoboro uhuza inganda mu bwubatsi.Umuyoboro wa UPV ufite imiti irwanya ruswa, kuzimya no kuzimya umuriro, kurwanya neza kubumba, urukuta rw'imbere rworoshye, gukora neza amashanyarazi, ariko gukomera kwa tube ya UPVC ni muke, coefficient yo kwagura umurongo ni nini, ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe buke.Iterambere ry'umuyoboro wa UPVC rifite inyungu zigaragara.Gukora no gukoresha umuyoboro wa UPVC bizigama ingufu za 55-68% kuruta umuyoboro wicyuma, kubyara no gukoresha imiyoboro itanga amazi ya UPVC bizigama ingufu za 62-75% kuruta umuyoboro wa galvanis, kandi igiciro cyuburebure bwibice bimwe ni 1 gusa / 2 y'umuyoboro wa galvanis, kandi igiciro cyo kwishyiriraho kiri munsi ya 70% ugereranije n'umuyoboro.Gukoresha toni 1 yumuyoboro wamazi wa UPVC urashobora gusimbuza toni 12 zumuyoboro wicyuma.Toni imwe yinzogera ya UPVC irashobora kuzigama toni 25 zicyuma.

Umuyoboro wibanze: Umuyoboro wa Core layer foam ni layer eshatu, igiteranyo cyogusohora mugukora imbere no hanze yacyo ibice bibiri ni kimwe numuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC, hagati ni ubucucike bugereranije ni 0.7 0.9 buke buke bwa fomu nshya ubwoko bwumuyoboro, impeta kuri rigid ni inshuro 8 zumuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC, kandi ubushyuhe burahinduka mugihe ibirenge bifite umutekano uhagaze neza, kubika neza ubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyane cyane urwego rwibanze rwinshi rushobora guhagarika urusaku, Bikwiranye no kuzamuka cyane kubaka imiyoboro y'amazi.

Ugereranije nigitereko gikomeye, umuyoboro wibanze wuzuye urashobora kubika ibikoresho birenga 25%, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwikuramo urukuta rwimbere biratera imbere cyane.Kandi murukuta rwimbere hamwe numurongo utambitse wa convex kumurongo wibanze wa kopi ya silike ya silike, amazi atembera kurukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro mubwisanzure kandi bikomeza muburyo bwa spiral, bikora inkingi yumuyaga hagati yumuyoboro wamazi, bityo ko umuvuduko wumuyoboro wagabanutseho 10%, ubushobozi rusange bwiyongereyeho inshuro 10, kwimurwa byiyongereyeho inshuro 6, urusaku ruri 30-40dB munsi yumuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC.

PVC RADIAL REINFORCED umuyoboro: Umusaruro wuyu muyoboro ufata imashini idasanzwe kandi ugakora igikoresho cyo gukurikirana, kikaba ari ubwoko bwimikorere iremereye-ya-Calibre super-ikomeye imbavu impeta y'ibirahure.Urukuta rw'inyuma rw'umuyoboro rufite ibikoresho byo kongera ingufu za radiyo, rushobora kunoza cyane gukomera no gukomeretsa impeta y'umuyoboro, cyane cyane bikenerwa no kuvoma mu buhanga bwa komini.

Inzogera ebyiri z'urukuta: Inzogera ebyiri zo kurukuta zikorwa mugukuramo imiyoboro ibiri yibanze icyarimwe, hanyuma ikazunguza umuyoboro winyuma wumuhengeri kumuringa wumuringa hamwe nurukuta rwimbere.Hamwe nurukuta rwimbere rwimbere hamwe nurukuta rwinyuma rwinyuma, uburemere bworoshye nimbaraga nyinshi, ugereranije numuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC urashobora kuzigama 40-60% yibikoresho fatizo, cyane cyane bikoreshwa nkumuyoboro woguhuza itumanaho, kubaka umuyoboro wa gaz hamwe numuyoboro wubuhinzi.

PVC PERMEable umuyoboro ushimangirwa: imbere n'inyuma ibice bibiri byo gukuramo plastike kandi bikozwe muri fibre synthique fibre yashyizwe hagati, byoroshye guhinduka, kugonda.Umuyoboro wa PVC ubonerana ufite aside irwanya aside, irwanya alkali, irwanya amavuta, irwanya gusaza, irashobora gusimbuza umuyoboro wa reberi, kandi igiciro gihenze.Ikoreshwa cyane muri azote, ogisijeni, monoxyde de carbone nizindi myuka namazi, kuvanga alkali, amavuta nibindi bitwara amazi, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkubushyuhe bwamazi, sprayer, umuyoboro wa gaz.

Umuyoboro wa CPVC: Umuyoboro wa CPVC ni ubwoko bwa pulasitike irwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, butunganywa na chlorine polyvinyl chloride irimo chlorine irenga 66%.Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwumuyoboro wa CPVC burenze 30 ℃ burenze ubw'umuyoboro wa UPVC, kandi ihagarikwa ryimiterere riratera imbere, kandi coefficente yo kwagura umurongo iragabanuka.Umuyoboro wa CPVC ufite ubushyuhe buhebuje, kurwanya gusaza no kurwanya ruswa, kandi ntabwo bihinduka mumazi abira.Irashobora gukoreshwa mugutwara amazi ashyushye, amazi adashobora kwangirika na gaze.Imbere mu gihugu Yunnan Dian-huai Ubumenyi n'Iterambere ry'Iterambere Co, LTD itanga imiyoboro ya CPVC.