Porogaramu

Umuyoboro ukomeye wa PVC hamwe nu miyoboro ni uburyo bwiyongera bwihuse mubicuruzwa byinshi bya PVC mugihugu cyacu, kandi nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike.Nyuma yo kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere umuyoboro wa PVC mu gihugu cyacu mu myaka yashize, cyane cyane inkunga ya politiki y’igihugu ibishinzwe, umusaruro no gukoresha imiyoboro ya PVC byateye imbere cyane.Umusaruro wa umuyoboro wa PVC wagize hejuru ya 50% yumusaruro wose wa plastike.Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi, nk'inganda, ubwubatsi, ubuhinzi n'ibindi.

Iterambere ry'umuyoboro wa PVC

1. Ibyiza byumuyoboro wa PVC

Mu musaruro wa resin rusange, PVC resin ifite ikoreshwa rya Ethylene nkeya nigiciro gito cyo gukora.Ikoreshwa rya Ethylene kuri toni ya PVC mu musaruro w’imbere mu gihugu ni toni 0.5314, naho ikigereranyo cya Ethylene kuri toni ya polyethylene ni toni 1.042.Imikoreshereze ya Ethylene kuri toni ya PVC resin mu Bushinwa iri munsi ya 50% ugereranije na polyethylene.Gazi ya chlorine yibanze ikoreshwa mugukora PVC ninzira yingenzi yo kuringaniza umusaruro wa soda ya caustic kugirango itange gaze ya chlorine.Soda ya Caustic ni ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi mubukungu bwigihugu.Byongeye kandi, duhereye ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, PVC ifite aho ihurira n’abafasha batandukanye, kandi umubare munini wuzuza ibintu bihendutse urashobora kongerwaho mugukora imiyoboro, kuburyo igiciro cyumusaruro kigabanuka cyane.

Ugereranije n'imiyoboro y'icyuma, umusaruro wa PVC kuri metero kibe ya PVC n'umusaruro kuri metero kibe y'ibyuma na aluminiyumu, gukoresha ibyuma ni 316KJ / m3, ingufu za aluminium ni 619KJ / m3, gukoresha ingufu za PVC ni 70KJ / m3, ni ukuvuga , gukoresha ibyuma byikubye inshuro 4.5 za PVC, ingufu za aluminium zikubye inshuro 8.8 za PVC.Umusaruro wa PVC utunganya ingufu zikoreshwa ni kimwe cya gatatu cyicyuma kimwe cya kaliberi.Muri icyo gihe, kubera urukuta rworoshye rw'umuyoboro wa PVC, nta kibyimba kibora, uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga amazi, kubera gushiramo bushobora kuzigama amashanyarazi agera kuri 20%.

Umuyoboro wa PVC ufite imiterere myiza yubukanishi, kandi ufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, uburemere bworoshye mugikorwa cyo gukoresha, kwishyiriraho byoroshye, ntibikeneye kubungabungwa, no gukoresha ibyuma kumuyoboro rusange wogukora imyanda, mugikorwa cyo gukoresha kubera kwangirika byoroshye, bigomba gutwikirwa kenshi irangi, amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga.Ubwubatsi rusange nibikorwa rusange hamwe nimiyoboro yicyuma imyaka igera kuri 20 igomba gusimburwa, nuruhare rwo gutunganya neza imiyoboro ya PVC, ubuzima bwumurimo mugihe cyimyaka 50.Kubwibyo, umuyoboro wa PVC nigicuruzwa cyiza cya plastiki gifite igiciro gito cyumusaruro, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe no kurwanya ruswa.

Muri rusange, kubijyanye n’imyanda, amazi y’imyanda n’imiyoboro ihumeka, imiyoboro ya PVC ibika hafi 16-37% yo kwishyiriraho n’ibiciro by’akazi kuruta imiyoboro y'icyuma.Igiciro cyo gukora umuyoboro uyobora ni 30-33% ugereranije no gukoresha icyuma kiyobora.Igikorwa cya chlorine polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mu mazi akonje kandi ashyushye, ugereranije no gukoresha imiyoboro ingana umuringa ingana na 23-44%.Kubwibyo, kubera ibyiza byumuyoboro wa PVC, ibihugu biratera imbere cyane kandi biteza imbere umuyoboro wa PVC.

2. Gukora no gukoresha umuyoboro wa PVC

Kuva ku nshuro 80, igihugu cyacu cyashyizeho uburyo butandukanye bwumurongo wa PVC wo kuvoma imiyoboro igihumbi.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyacu UPVC (gikomeye PVC) imiyoboro n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiyoboro ifite imiyoboro irenga 600, umusaruro wose wa toni miliyoni 1,1 / umwaka hejuru, hari inganda zirenga 30 zifite umusaruro wa toni 10,000 / umwaka, hari inganda zirenga 60 zifite igipimo cya toni 0.5-10,000 / umwaka, ibikoresho byo gukora imiyoboro ya UPVC hamwe nu miyoboro ya pipine bigerwaho ahanini bikorerwa mu gihugu.

MU GIHUGU CYACU, PIPE PVC YATERANYWE hakiri kare kuruta umuyoboro wa PE na PP PIPE, hariho ubwoko bwinshi, imikorere myiza, gukoresha cyane, bufite umwanya wingenzi ku isoko.Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1999, mu Bushinwa hari imirongo irenga 2000 itanga imiyoboro ya pulasitike, muri byo ibikoresho byatumijwe mu mahanga bingana na 15%.Ubushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro itandukanye ya pulasitike mu gihugu cyacu mu 1999 bwari hejuru ya toni zisaga miliyoni 1.65 / umwaka, umusaruro nyawo wa toni zigera ku 1.000.000, muri zo imiyoboro ya UPVC ikaba irenga 50%.

Mu myaka yashize, kwisi kwisi PVC ikoresha isoko, ibikoresho byubaka isoko nini nini, kandi yihuta cyane.Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi by’Abanyamerika byagize 60% by’ibicuruzwa byose, 62% mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba, 50% mu Buyapani, ariko munsi ya 30% mu gihugu cyacu, bifite icyumba kinini cyo kuzamuka.Mu kubaka ibikoresho, kandi cyane cyane kumuyoboro no mwirondoro, harimo kubaka umuyoboro wamazi no kumanuka, umuyoboro wo kuhira imyaka, umuyoboro wa gazi, umuyoboro wa peteroli nibindi.

Umusaruro nogukoresha umuyoboro wa UPVC mugihugu cyacu utangira gutera imbere byihuse mugihe cyicyenda cyimyaka icyenda yimyaka itanu, ibyo bikaba byunguka cyane cyane leta ishyigikiwe cyane n’umuryango wunvikana ku bikoresho bya UPVC.

Kugeza ubu, gukoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike mu gihugu cyacu byateye imbere cyane mu bwinshi gusa no mu bwoko butandukanye.Kurugero, umuyoboro wa UPVC umaze kurenga 90% mugukoresha imiyoboro yamazi mumijyi imwe n'imwe, kandi ibyinshi mubikorwa bya UPVC bifite imiyoboro myiza mumyaka yashize.

Mugihe cyimyaka icumi yimyaka itanu, gahunda yo kuzamura no gukoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike ahanini yari imiyoboro ya plastike ya UPVC na PE, naho indi miyoboro mishya ya pulasitike yatejwe imbere cyane.Kugeza mu 2005, mu mishinga mishya yo kubaka, kwiyubaka no kwagura mu gihugu hose, 50% by'imiyoboro y'amazi yo kubaka igomba gufata imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 20% by'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi igomba gufata imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 60% yo gutanga amazi yo kubaka, gutanga amazi ashyushye no gushyushya imiyoboro igomba gufata imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 50% by'imiyoboro itanga amazi yo mu mijyi (Dn400 cyangwa munsi yayo) igomba gufata imiyoboro ya pulasitike, 60% by'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mudugudu igomba gufata imiyoboro ya pulasitike, umuyoboro wa gazi yo mu mujyi (umuyoboro wo hagati n'umuvuduko ukabije) 50% bakoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike, kubaka umugozi winsinga amaboko 80% koresha umuyoboro wa plastike.Biteganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2005 hazakenerwa imiyoboro ya pulasitike izaba irenga toni miliyoni 2, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ari imiyoboro ya PVC.

Mu bihugu byateye imbere, gukoresha imiyoboro ya PVC muri rusange bingana na 70-80% by’isoko ry’imiyoboro ya pulasitike, ariko umuyoboro wa PVC w’Abashinwa ugizwe na 50% by’umubare wuzuye wa pulasitike, ubushobozi bw’iterambere ry’umuyoboro wa PVC mu gihugu cyacu ni nini cyane.Ikigereranyo cy’imikoreshereze y’imiyoboro ya PVC mu bihugu byateye imbere ni ibi bikurikira: imiyoboro itanga amazi igera kuri 33%, imiyoboro y’amazi ingana na 22.3%, imiyoboro y’imyanda igera kuri 15.7%, imiyoboro yo kuhira igera kuri 5.2%, imiyoboro ya gaze ihwanye na 0.8%, ibindi imiyoboro ingana na 22.7%.Muri byo, igipimo cyo gukoresha imiyoboro hamwe nu muyoboro ni 1: 8.

Ku isoko ryubwubatsi, hari ubwoko bubiri bwumuyoboro wa PVC ukoreshwa: umwe ni umuyoboro udashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko, undi ni umuyoboro udafite ingufu.Shira umuyoboro wicyuma hamwe numuyoboro wumuringa wakoreshwaga kera nkibikoresho byubaka birwanya umuvuduko, ntabwo byangirika gusa, ahubwo bikenera no kubungabungwa kenshi no kubisimbuza, bihenze cyane.Inyubako z'amahanga ubu zikoreshwa cyane imiyoboro y'amazi y'umuvuduko, umuyoboro w'amazi ashyushye ahanini ukoresha umuyoboro wa PVC.Umuyoboro muto wa kalibiri ya PVC (umuyoboro wa UPVC, umuyoboro wa CPVC) ufite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito, kurwanya ruswa, kandi ntibisaba kubitaho kenshi no kubisimbuza.Kandi umuyoboro munini wa diameter ya PVC (diameter muri 100-900mm) aho kuba umuyoboro wicyuma, uzamura umuyoboro muto wibyondo, sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ifite umuvuduko mwiza, irwanya ruswa, uburemere buke.Kuzigama amashanyarazi, amazi meza.Umuyoboro wa PVC wuzuye ifuro idafite umuvuduko nkumuyoboro wimyanda wimbere hamwe numuyoboro wamazi yimvura, urashobora gukemura ikibazo cyurusaku rwumuyoboro wimbere.Imiyoboro rusange yimyanda itwara imiyoboro ya PVC idafite ingufu, irwanya ruswa, ntabwo iterwa nisuri ya hydrogen sulfide, ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire, uburemere bworoshye, igiciro gito cyo kwishyiriraho, byoroshye guhuza no gufunga, ntibyoroshye kumeneka.

Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro winsinga wubatswe hamwe numuyoboro wububiko bwubutaka nubundi isoko rya PVC, ubwoko bwimbere murugo ni umuyoboro wagutse, umuyoboro winkuta ebyiri hamwe ninkuta imwe.

Umuyoboro wubuhinzi nundi murima mugari wa porogaramu ya PVC.Igihugu cyacu ni icy'igihugu kidafite umutungo w’amazi, kuri ubu, imirima myinshi mu gihugu cyacu iracyakoresha kuhira ubutaka, kandi imyanda y’amazi irakomeye cyane.Kubera kubura amazi, ubutaka bwinshi bwo guhingwa ntabwo bwuhira neza kandi umusaruro wibihingwa ni muke.Hamwe no kuvomera imiyoboro ya PVC, irashobora kuzigama amazi agera kuri 50%.Gukoresha PVC itunganijwe neza cyangwa igice cyoguhira gahunda yo kuhira, ntabwo ikiza amazi gusa, ahubwo inatezimbere umusaruro, kwangirika kwibikoresho nibindi byiza, bizigama cyane ikiguzi cyo kuhira no gutera.Kugeza ubu, nta ntara yuzuye yo kuhira imiyoboro ihambaye mu gihugu cyacu, uduce twinshi tw’igihugu turacyafite ubumenyi bw’ibanze bwo kuhira imiyoboro, bityo rero, byongera kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere kuhira imiyoboro ya PVC mu cyaro, ubushobozi bwayo ni bwinshi .

3. Imiyoboro imwe ya PVC ikoreshwa mubushinwa

UPVC tube: Porogaramu nini ya UPVC ni inganda zubaka.Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane muri gahunda yo kuvoma amazi ya robine no mu miyoboro y'amazi yo guturamo mu ntara zose no mu mijyi yo mu gihugu hose, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’ubwubatsi nk'imiyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro y'imvura n'umuyoboro.Umuyoboro wa UPVC ufite imiti irwanya ruswa, kuzimya no kuzimya umuriro, kwihanganira ibintu neza, urukuta rwimbere rwimbere, gukora neza amashanyarazi, ariko gukomera kwa UPVC ni muke, coefficente yo kwagura umurongo ni nini, ubushyuhe buke.Ugereranije n'umuyoboro w'icyuma, gukora no gukoresha umuyoboro wa UPVC birashobora kuzigama ingufu za 55-68%, kandi ugereranije n'umuyoboro wa galvanis, umusaruro no gukoresha umuyoboro w'amazi wa UPVC urashobora kuzigama 62-75% by'ingufu, kandi igiciro kuri uburebure bwibice bimwe bisobanurwa ni kimwe cya kabiri cyumuyoboro wa galvanis, kandi igiciro cyo kwishyiriraho kiri munsi ya 70% ugereranije numuyoboro wa galvanis.Gukoresha toni 1 yumuyoboro wamazi wa UPVC urashobora gusimbuza toni 12 zumuyoboro wicyuma.Toni imwe yinzogera ya UPVC irashobora kuzigama toni 25 zicyuma.

Umuyoboro wa Core layer foam tube: Ubwoko bwa Core layer foam tube ni ubwoko bushya bwigituba gifite ibice byimbere ninyuma byakozwe nuburyo butatu bwo gufatanya gusohora, bikaba kimwe numuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC.Hagati hari ifuro ritoya rifite umubyimba wa 0.7-0.9.Ubukomezi bwacyo buri mwaka bukubye inshuro 8 ubwinshi bwa UPVC isanzwe, kandi ifite ituze ryiza hamwe nubushyuhe iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse.Birakwiriye cyane kuri sisitemu yo hejuru yo kubaka amazi.

Ugereranije nu rukuta rukomeye, umuyoboro wibanze urashobora kubika hejuru ya 25% yibikoresho fatizo, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukomeretsa urukuta rwimbere biratera imbere cyane.Mu rukuta rw'imbere rw'igitereko cy'urufunzo rwinshi rwa feri ya silencer hamwe n'umurongo utari muto wa convex, amazi ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'igituba ku buntu bikomeza kugenda byizunguruka, bikora inkingi y'umwuka hagati mu muyoboro w'amazi, ku buryo igitutu cyo umuyoboro wagabanutseho 10%, ubushobozi rusange bwiyongereyeho inshuro 10, kwimurwa byiyongera inshuro 6, urusaku ruri 30-40db munsi yumuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC.

Umuyoboro wa PVC wongeyeho imbaraga: Umusaruro wuyu muyoboro ukoresheje igikoresho cyihariye cyo kubumba no kubikurikirana, ni ubwoko bwa diameter iremereye cyane ikomezwa n’impeta y'ibirahure.Irangwa no gushimangira radiyo kurukuta rwinyuma rwumuyoboro, rushobora kunoza cyane gukomera nimbaraga zo kwikuramo impeta.Birakwiriye cyane cyane kuvoma mumashanyarazi ya komini.

Inzogera ebyiri-urukuta: inzogera ebyiri zinkuta zikorwa mugukuramo imiyoboro ibiri yibanze icyarimwe hanyuma igasudira umuyoboro winyuma winzogera kumuringa wumuringa hamwe nurukuta rwimbere.Hamwe nurukuta rwimbere rwimbere hamwe nurukuta rwinyuma, uburemere bworoshye nimbaraga nyinshi, ugereranije numuyoboro usanzwe wa UPVC urashobora kuzigama 40-60% yibikoresho fatizo, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mumiyoboro y'itumanaho, umuyoboro wubatswe hamwe numuyoboro wamazi wubuhinzi.

PVC umwanya-unyuze mu miyoboro ishimangiwe: ukoresheje imbere n'inyuma ibice bibiri byo gukuramo plastike, byashizwemo na fibre synthique, byoroshye guhinduka, birashobora kugororwa.Umuyoboro wa PVC ubonerana ufite aside irwanya aside, irwanya alkali, irwanya amavuta, irwanya gusaza, irashobora gusimbuza umuyoboro wa reberi, kandi igiciro gihenze.Ikoreshwa cyane muri azote, ogisijeni, monoxyde de carbone nizindi myuka namazi, kuvanga alkali, amavuta nandi mazi yo gutwara, nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa nkubushyuhe bwamazi, sprayer, umuyoboro wa gaz.

Umuyoboro wa CPVC: Umuyoboro wa CPVC ni ubwoko bwumuyoboro wa pulasitike urwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, butunganywa na chlorine polyvinyl chloride ya chlorine ifite 66% bya chlorine.Ubushyuhe bwihanganira ubushyuhe bwumuyoboro wa CPVC burenze 30 ℃ burenze ubw'umuyoboro wa UPVC, kandi ihagarikwa ryimiterere riratera imbere, kandi coefficente yo kwagura umurongo iragabanuka.Umuyoboro wa CPVC ufite ubukana buhebuje, kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya imiti yangirika, nta guhindagurika mumazi abira, birashobora gukoreshwa mumazi ashyushye, kwangirika kwangirika no gutwara gaze.