amakuru

Inganda za Ethylene mu Bushinwa zinjiye buhoro buhoro mugihe gikuze, ibikomoka kumanuka cyane cyane PE, okiside ya Ethylene (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nibindi bicuruzwa.Muri 2020, ibyiciro bitanu byibicuruzwa byari hafi 97.2% byokoresha Ethylene yose.Muri byo, urwego runini rukoresha ni PE, rugera kuri 63.5 ku ijana by'ibicuruzwa byose.Ibyo byakurikiwe na EO na EG, bingana na 10.3% na 9.0% (reba Ishusho 2).

1 |PE iterambere ryiterambere: irushanwa ryabahuje ibitsina rirakomeye, itandukaniro, iterambere ryisumbuye

PE ibicuruzwa byingenzi ni umurongo muto wa polyethylene (LLDPE), polyethylene yuzuye (LDPE), polyethylene yuzuye (HDPE) ibyiciro bitatu.PE ifite ibyiza byigiciro gito nibintu byiza bya chimique, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi, inganda nubuzima bwa buri munsi.Kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2021, umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu wakomeje kwiyongera, ku kigereranyo cyo kwiyongera ku kigereranyo cya 12%, hamwe n’umusaruro rusange wa toni miliyoni 27.73 / umwaka mu 2021.

Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya PE mu Bushinwa bishingiye cyane cyane ku bikoresho rusange byo mu rwego rwo hasi, kandi ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya PE bishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi hari ibibazo bigaragara mu miterere, urugero nko kurenga ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi no kubura ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Mu myaka mike iri imbere, hamwe no gukomeza kwagura ubushobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu PE, irushanwa ry’abahuje ibitsina rizaba rikaze, kandi gusimbuza mu gihugu ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni binini.Dufashe urugero rwa metallocene polyethylene (mPE) nk'urugero, kuri ubu isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ni toni miliyoni imwe / ku mwaka, naho umusaruro w'Ubushinwa muri 2020 ni toni 110.000 gusa.Ikinyuranyo kinini cyo gutanga gitera umubare munini wibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byinjira ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.Kubwibyo, bifite akamaro gakomeye kuri PE kwiteza imbere mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru-cyo gutandukana.

2 |EO iterambere ryiterambere ryo kwishyira hamwe hamwe na EO / EG guhinduranya byoroshye

EO ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa bya EG, kandi ibigo byinshi bifata ibikoresho bifatanyiriza hamwe EO / EG.Byongeye kandi, EO irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa bigabanya amazi, polyether, disinfection hamwe nubutaka.

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kugabanuka buhoro buhoro inyungu z’isoko rya EG, igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa bya EO / EG byatangiye guhinduka ku musaruro wa EO, kandi hitabwa ku musaruro woroshye wa byombi, kugira ngo ubukungu bwiyongere.Ubushobozi bwa EO bwiyongereye cyane, ariko iterambere ryibicuruzwa byo hasi byinjiye mugihe cyacitse intege, kandi ibintu byuburinganire nuburinganire biragaragara.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru, nka aside polycarboxylic aside igabanya agent monomer, surfactant na Ethanolamine, byahuye nibibazo byubushobozi buke, amarushanwa yinganda arakaze, igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi kiragabanuka.Kuri ibi, binyuze mu guhuza icyerekezo cyo hejuru no hejuru cyiterambere, bizarushaho gufasha kuzamura irushanwa ryibanze ryinganda, nka Ethylene, EO, EG, kubaka kuri monomer monomer (nka polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (nka fatty alcool polyoxyethylene ether) hamwe numuyoboro wuzuye winganda, Komeza kwaguka kumanuka, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa bikize.

3 |EG: kwagura urwego rwinganda, ibicuruzwa byambukiranya umusaruro

EG nigice cya kabiri kinini murwego rwo gukoresha Ethylene.Kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2021, hamwe n’umusaruro munini w’imiti n’amakara n’imishinga ihuriweho yo gutunganya no gutunganya imiti, ingufu za EG ziyongereye uko umwaka utashye, hamwe n’umusaruro rusange wa toni miliyoni 21.452 / umwaka mu 2021.

Mu myaka yashize, ubushobozi bwa EG bwakomeje kwiyongera, ariko ibyifuzo byo hasi byaragabanutse, ubushobozi burenze urugero buzagaragara.Duhereye ku iherezo ry’imikoreshereze, EG yacu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora polyester, ibarirwa mu mikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze ya EG irenga 90%, umurima ukoreshwa ni umwe, hari urwego rugufi rw’inganda, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa irasa, irushanwa ry’ibiciro biri hasi ibibazo bikomeye.

Mu bihe biri imbere, dukwiye kongera ikoreshwa no guteza imbere resin ya polyester idahagije, amavuta yo gusiga amavuta, plastiseri, surfactant idafite ionic, coating, wino nizindi nganda binyuze mu kwagura urunigi rwinganda, buhoro buhoro duhindura imiterere yimikoreshereze imwe, dushiraho an Uruganda rwinganda kuva mubikorwa kugeza mubikorwa, kuzamura agaciro kongerewe kubicuruzwa, kugirango ugabanye ingaruka kumasoko.

4 |Inzira ya SM: ubushobozi bwagutse bwagutse, ituze ryinganda zo hasi

Hasi ya SM ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora polymers styrene na polymers zitandukanye za ionic, nka polystirene yaka umuriro (EPS), polystirene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), poliester idahagije (UPR), styrene reberi; (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) nibindi bicuruzwa.Muri byo, EPS, PS na ABS bingana na 70% by’ikoreshwa rya SM mu Bushinwa, kandi ibicuruzwa byabo bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imodoka, imitungo itimukanwa n’inganda.

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’umusaruro munini munini wo hasi ushyigikira ibice bya SM byo gutunganya no guhuza imiti mu Bushinwa ndetse no kongera imishinga ikorana na propylene oxyde / styrene monomer (PO / SM), ubushobozi bwa SM bwerekanye ko bukomeje kwiyongera. .Kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2022, ubushobozi bwa SM bwabonye iterambere ryihuse, kandi biteganijwe ko mu mpera za 2022, umusaruro uzarenga toni miliyoni 20 / umwaka.Hamwe nogukomeza kurekura ubushobozi, uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa nibisabwa mu gihugu byagaragaye ko byahindutse ku buryo bugaragara, aho ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byagabanutse cyane ndetse n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.Nkuko ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora bwa SM buruta ubwa benzene isukuye mu 2021, ibikoresho fatizo benzene nziza iri mubihe bito, ibyo bikaba bikomeza kugabanya inyungu ziva muri SM.Urebye kubikoresha, mumasoko atatu yo hepfo, inganda za ABS gusa nizo zigumana umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora, bigatuma bigora gusya ubwiyongere bwibicuruzwa byazanywe nubushobozi bushya bwa SM.Nkigisubizo, SM yibasiwe no kwivuguruza hagati yo gutanga no gukenera no gushyigikirwa nigiciro, kandi uko isoko ryifashe byerekana intera ihindagurika.Ku isoko ryanyuma, "ubukungu bwurugo" bwatewe nicyorezo cya COVID-19 bwazamuye igurishwa ryibikoresho bito byo murugo.Muri icyo gihe kandi, icyorezo cy’icyorezo kiracyakabije mu mahanga, kandi kohereza ibicuruzwa byo kwirinda icyorezo ndetse n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu rugo birenze ibyo byari byitezwe, ibyo bikaba byaratumye iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka ku nganda za SM kandi ryongera inyungu ku buryo bugaragara.

5 |Icyerekezo cyiterambere rya PVC: ubuziranenge no kurengera ibidukikije bijyana

PVC nigikoresho cya mbere cyoguhindura isi yose mugihugu cyacu.Hamwe nimikorere idasanzwe nigipimo cyibiciro, ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byinganda nubuzima bwa buri munsi, hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza, kwirinda umuriro, kurwanya ruswa yangiza no kuranga amashanyarazi.Umusaruro wa PVC ahanini ufite uburyo bubiri bwo gutegura, bumwe nuburyo bwa calcium karbide, ibikoresho nyamukuru bibyara umusaruro ni calcium karbide, amakara numunyu mbisi.Mubushinwa, bugarukira kubutunzi bwamakara akungahaye, amavuta ya gaze na gaze nkeya, uburyo bwa calcium karbide nuburyo nyamukuru.Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, amazi menshi arakoreshwa, kandi hariho inzitizi nko gukoresha ingufu nyinshi no guhumana.Icya kabiri, inzira ya Ethylene, ibikoresho nyamukuru ni peteroli.Isoko mpuzamahanga ni inzira ya Ethylene, hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byiza, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kurengera ibidukikije, nibindi, bifite ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza kariside ya calcium mugihe kizaza.

Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikora PVC, ariko kandi n’umuguzi ukomeye, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rifite ubushobozi buke.Muri iki gihe isi yose ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya plastiki aho kuba ibyuma, plastike aho gukoresha ingamba z’ibiti, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amabuye y’amabuye n’ibiti inyuma, ibisigazwa bya PVC byageze ku majyambere akomeye, isoko ry’imikorere ikomeza kwaguka, mu mwirondoro wa pulasitike, guterwa amaraso mu buvuzi. imiyoboro, imifuka yo guterwa amaraso, imodoka, ibikoresho bibyimba nibindi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane.Mu kwihutisha gahunda y’imijyi y’Ubushinwa no kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage, ibyifuzo n'ibisabwa muri sosiyete mu kurengera ibidukikije byahoraga byiyongera.Inzira yo hasi yinganda za PVC yinjiye murwego rwo guhatana gukomeye hagati yubuziranenge no kurengera ibidukikije, kandi umurima wabisabye wagutse wagutse kandi inzira yiterambere ritandukanye iragaragara.

6 |ibindi bicuruzwa bitezimbere |

Ibindi bicuruzwa bya Ethylene kumanuka, nka Ethylene - vinyl acetate, inzoga za polyvinyl, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ethylene - vinyl alcool copolymer na Ethylene - acrylic acide copolymer, epdm, nibindi, konte iriho kuri bike ugereranije, ibyifuzo byo gusaba ugereranije bihamye, porogaramu iriho yagura cyane ibyiringiro ntishobora kubona, nayo ntishobora kubona isimburwa numubare munini witerabwoba.Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo mu bwoko bwa polyolefin bigarukira ku mbogamizi za tekiniki z’amahanga, nka Ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, nibindi) copolymer, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gihugu ntabwo rikuze, hari umwanya munini y'iterambere.Ibicuruzwa byinshi byamanuka bya Ethylene bihuye nicyerekezo cyiterambere ryimibereho nubukungu hamwe nibyifuzo byo kuzamura ibicuruzwa.Kurugero, inyuma yimpanuka ya karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone, inganda zifotora zinjira mumihanda yiterambere ryihuse, icyifuzo cyibikoresho bifotora bya EVA biziyongera kumuvuduko mwinshi, kandi igiciro cyisoko rya acetate ya Ethylene kizakomeza gukora kurwego rwo hejuru .

Biteganijwe ko mu 2025, Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa Ethylene uzarenga toni miliyoni 70 / ku mwaka, ibyo bikaba ahanini bizahaza ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu, ndetse hashobora no kuba amafaranga asagutse.Bitewe na politiki y’igihugu “kugenzura kabiri” ku ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, inganda z’amakara n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli zizahura n’ikizamini gikomeye mu gihe cy’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu, ibyo bikaba bizatera ikibazo kidashidikanywaho cyane ku mushinga wa Ethylene ukoresheje umutungo w’ibimera nk’ibanze ibikoresho.Mu rwego rwo hejuru ya karuboni no kutabogama kwa karubone, inganda zirasabwa gutekereza byimazeyo kugabanya no gusimbuza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu gihe ziteganya iyo mishinga, gusimbuza ingufu z’ibinyabuzima n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n’amashanyarazi asukuye, kurandura burundu ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wasubiye inyuma no kugabanya ubushobozi burenze, no guteza imbere guhindura inganda no kuzamura.

Ethylene na hydrogène byakozwe n'umushinga wa Ethane yamenetse kuri Ethylene ni ibikoresho by'ibanze bisabwa ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, bifite iterambere ryinshi kandi byunguka cyane.Bishingiye cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, umutungo wa Ethan mu gihugu, nyamara, hari isoko imwe y’ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho byo gutanga amasoko byeguriwe, ingorane zo gutwara abantu mu nyanja, nk’ingaruka z’ibyago byabo, birasaba komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’izindi nzego z’inganda gushimangira ubuyobozi bw’igenamigambi , uruganda ruhuza nibibazo byabo bwite, gukora umushinga ushoboka, wirinde "gushiraho, gutatana muri hubbub".

Ethylene kumanuka cyane cyane ibikomoka murwego rwohejuru, bizatangiza umwanya munini w'isoko.Nka mPE, Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, polyethylene yuburemere burenze urugero, inzoga nyinshi za karubone, cyclic olefin polymer nibindi bicuruzwa bizibandwaho ku isoko.Mu bihe biri imbere, imishinga mishya nko gutunganya no guhuza imiti, CTO / MTO, hamwe no gucamo Ethane bizatanga ibikoresho bihagije bya Ethylene kugira ngo byihutishe iterambere ry’inganda zo mu bwoko bwa Ethylene zerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo “gutandukanya, kurangiza no gukora”.