(PVC) ni thermoplastique izwi cyane idafite impumuro nziza, ikomeye, yoroheje, kandi muri rusange yera mubara.Kugeza ubu iri ku mwanya wa gatatu wa plastiki ikoreshwa cyane ku isi (inyuma ya polyethylene na polypropilene).PVC ikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha amazi no kuvoma, nubwo nayo igurishwa muburyo bwa pellet cyangwa nka resin muburyo bwifu.
Imikoreshereze ya PVC
Imikoreshereze ya PVC yiganje mu nganda zubaka amazu.Irakoreshwa buri gihe nkuwasimbuye cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha imiyoboro yicyuma (cyane cyane umuringa, ibyuma bya galvanis, cyangwa ibyuma), kandi mubisabwa byinshi aho ruswa ishobora guhungabanya imikorere no kongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga.Usibye gusaba gutura, PVC ikoreshwa kandi mubikorwa bya komini, inganda, igisirikare, nubucuruzi.
Muri rusange, PVC iroroshye cyane gukorana kuruta umuyoboro wicyuma.Irashobora gukatirwa kuburebure bwifuzwa hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye.Imiyoboro n'imiyoboro y'amazi ntibigomba gusudwa.Imiyoboro ihujwe no gukoresha ingingo, sima ya solvent, hamwe na kole idasanzwe.Iyindi nyungu ya PVC nuko ibicuruzwa bimwe byongewemo plastike byoroheje kandi byoroshye, bitandukanye no gukomera, kuborohereza kuyishyiraho.PVC nayo ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bworoshye kandi bukomeye nko kubika ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nkinsinga na kabili.
Mu nganda zita ku buzima, PVC irashobora kuboneka muburyo bwo kugaburira imiyoboro, imifuka yamaraso, imifuka yimitsi (IV), ibice byibikoresho bya dialyse, hamwe nibindi bintu byinshi.Twabibutsa ko porogaramu nk'izi zishoboka gusa mugihe phthalates - imiti itanga amanota yoroheje ya PVC hamwe nandi plastiki - yongewe kumikorere ya PVC.
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byabaguzi nkamakoti yimvura, imifuka ya pulasitike, ibikinisho byabana, amakarita yinguzanyo, inzu yubusitani, urugi nidirishya ryamadirishya, hamwe nimyenda yo kogeramo - kuvuga ibintu bike ushobora gusanga murugo rwawe - nabyo bikozwe muri PVC muri ifishi imwe cyangwa ubundi.
Uburyo PVC Yakozwe
Nubwo rwose plastiki ari ibikoresho byakozwe n'abantu, ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi byinjira muri PVC - umunyu n'amavuta - ni organic.Gukora PVC, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni Ethylene itandukanye, ikomoka kuri gaze karemano, nicyo bita "ibiryo."Mu nganda zikora imiti, peteroli nigikoresho cyo guhitamo imiti myinshi, harimo metani, propylene, na butane..
Gutandukanya Ethanol, peteroli yamazi ishyuha mu itanura ryamazi hanyuma igashyirwa munsi yumuvuduko ukabije (inzira yiswe ubushyuhe bwumuriro) kugirango habeho impinduka muburemere bwa molekile yimiti iri mubitungwa.Muguhindura uburemere bwa molekile, Ethylene irashobora kumenyekana, gutandukana, no gusarurwa.Iyo bimaze gukorwa, bikonjeshwa kumiterere yabyo.
Igice gikurikira cyibikorwa birimo gukuramo chlorine yumunyu mumazi yinyanja.Iyo unyuze mumashanyarazi akomeye binyuze mumuti wamazi yumunyu (electrolysis), electron yongeyeho kuri molekile ya chlorine, byongeye, ibemerera kumenyekana, gutandukana, no gukururwa.
Noneho ufite ibice byingenzi.
Iyo Ethylene na chlorine bihuye, reaction yimiti itanga itera Ethylene dichloride (EDC).EDC ikora inzira ya kabiri yo guturika yumuriro, nayo ikabyara vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).Ibikurikira, VCM inyuzwa muri catalizator irimo reaction, itera molekile ya VCM guhuza hamwe (polymerisation).Iyo molekile ya VCM ihuza, ubona PVC resin-ishingiro ryibintu byose bya vinyl.
Ibikoresho bya vinyl byihariye, byoroshye, cyangwa bivanze bivangwa no kuvanga resin hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa plasitike, stabilisateur, hamwe nabahindura kugirango ugere kubintu byifuzwa birimo ibintu byose uhereye kumabara, imiterere, no guhinduka kugeza igihe kirekire mubihe bikabije hamwe na UV.
Ibyiza bya PVC
PVC ni ibikoresho bihenze cyane biremereye, byoroshye, kandi mubisanzwe byoroshye kubyitwaramo no kuyishyiraho.Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa polymers, uburyo bwo kuyikora ntibugarukira gusa ku gukoresha peteroli cyangwa gaze gasanzwe.(Bamwe bavuga ko ibyo bituma PVC "plastike irambye" kubera ko idashingiye ku mbaraga zidasubirwaho.)
PVC nayo iraramba kandi ntabwo ihindurwa no kwangirika cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gutesha agaciro, kandi nkibyo, irashobora kubikwa mugihe kirekire.Imiterere yacyo irashobora guhindurwa muburyo butandukanye kugirango ikoreshwe mu nganda zitandukanye no mubikorwa, ninyongera rwose.PVC ifite kandi ituze ryimiti, nikintu cyingenzi mugihe ibicuruzwa bya PVC bikoreshwa mubidukikije hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwimiti.Ibi biranga byemeza ko PVC igumana imiterere yayo itagize impinduka zikomeye mugihe imiti yatangijwe.Izindi nyungu zirimo:
Oc Biocompatibilité
● Kugaragara no gukorera mu mucyo
Kurwanya imiti igabanya ubukana
● Amashanyarazi make
● Irasaba bike kugirango itabungabungwa
Nka thermoplastique, PVC irashobora gukoreshwa kandi igahinduka ibicuruzwa bishya mu nganda zitandukanye, nubwo bitewe nuburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwakoreshejwe mu gukora PVC, ntabwo buri gihe ari ibintu byoroshye.
Ibibi bya PVC
PVC irashobora kuba irimo chlorine igera kuri 57%.Carbone-ikomoka ku bicuruzwa bya peteroli-nayo ikoreshwa kenshi mu kuyikora.Bitewe n'uburozi bushobora kurekurwa mu gihe cyo gukora, iyo bugaragaye ku muriro, cyangwa igihe bubora mu myanda, PVC yiswe bamwe mu bashakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi ndetse n'abashinzwe ibidukikije ko ari "plastiki y'uburozi."
Ibibazo by’ubuzima bijyanye na PVC ntibiramenyekana neza mu mibare, ariko, ubwo burozi bwahujwe n’ibihe birimo ariko ntibigarukira kuri kanseri, gusubira inyuma kw'inda, guhungabana kwa endocrine, asima, no kugabanuka kw'ibihaha.Mu gihe abahinguzi berekana ko umunyu mwinshi wa PVC ari karemano kandi ko utagira ingaruka, siyansi yerekana ko sodium, hamwe no kurekura dioxyde na phthalate - mu byukuri bishobora kugira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije n’ubuzima PVC itera.
Kazoza ka PVC
Impungenge zerekeye ingaruka ziterwa na PVC kandi zatumye ubushakashatsi bwifashishwa mu gukoresha ibisheke bya Ethanol mu biribwa aho kuba naphtha (amavuta yaka umuriro yabonetse bitewe no kumisha amakara, shale, cyangwa peteroli).Ubushakashatsi bwinyongera burimo gukorwa kuri bio-ishingiye kuri plasitike hagamijwe gukora ubundi buryo butagira phthalate.Mugihe ubu bushakashatsi bukiri mubyiciro byambere, ibyiringiro nugutezimbere uburyo burambye bwa PVC kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho kubuzima bwabantu ndetse nibidukikije mugihe cyo gukora, gukoresha, no kujugunya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-07-2022