Porogaramu

W. uburyo bwo gutera inshinge.Ibikoresho bishyushye bya pulasitiki bishyushye birashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho byinganda cyangwa imyanda yubuzima, ifu yinkwi irashobora kandi gukoreshwa imyanda itunganya ibiti, ibiti bito nibindi biti bifite ubuziranenge.Duhereye ku musaruro w’ibikoresho fatizo, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikozwe mu biti bitinda kandi bikuraho umwanda w’imyanda ya pulasitike, kandi bikanakuraho umwanda uterwa no gutwika ibihingwa by’ubuhinzi ku bidukikije.Guhitamo ibintu bifatika muburyo bwo guhuriza hamwe bikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira:

1. Abapolisi

Amashanyarazi akoreshwa mugutunganya ibiti-plastiki birashobora kuba plastike ya thermoset na thermoplastique, plastike ya termoset nka epoxy resin, thermoplastique nka polyethylene (PE), polypropilene (PP) na polyoxyethylene (PVC).Bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwa fibre yibiti, gusa thermoplastique ifite ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya munsi ya 200 ° C ikoreshwa cyane, cyane cyane polyethylene.Guhitamo polimeri ya plastike ishingiye cyane cyane kubiranga imiterere ya polymer, ibikenerwa mubicuruzwa, ibikoresho fatizo biboneka, igiciro nurwego rwo kubimenyera.Nka: polypropilene ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubicuruzwa byimodoka nibicuruzwa byubuzima bwa buri munsi, PVC ikoreshwa cyane mukubaka inzugi na Windows, guteramo pave nibindi.Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wo gutemba (MFI) wa plastiki nawo ugira ingaruka runaka kumiterere yibikoresho bigize, mugihe kimwe cyo gutunganya, MFI ya resin iri hejuru, kwinjira muri rusange ifu yinkwi nibyiza, gukwirakwiza ifu yinkwi birasa cyane, kandi kwinjira no gukwirakwiza ifu yinkwi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yibikoresho, cyane cyane imbaraga zingaruka.

2. Inyongera

Kubera ko ifu yinkwi ifite amazi akomeye hamwe na polarite ikomeye, hamwe na thermoplastique nyinshi ntabwo ari polar na hydrophobique, guhuza byombi birakennye, kandi imbaraga zo guhuza interineti ni nto cyane, kandi inyongeramusaruro zikwiye zikoreshwa muguhindura ubuso bwa polymer ifu yinkwi kugirango utezimbere intera iri hagati yifu yimbaho ​​na resin.Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ifu yuzuye ibiti byinshi muri firimoplastike yashonze irakennye, akenshi muburyo bwo kwegeranya, bigatuma imivu ishonga iba mibi, gutunganya ibicuruzwa biragoye, kandi hakenewe kongerwamo ibikoresho byo kuvura hejuru kugirango byorohereze urujya n'uruza. gushushanya.Muri icyo gihe, matrix ya plastike nayo igomba kongeramo inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye kugirango irusheho kunoza imikorere yayo no gukoresha ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kunoza imbaraga zihuza ifu yinkwi na polymer hamwe nubukanishi bwibikoresho bigize.Ibyongeweho bikunze gukoreshwa birimo ibyiciro bikurikira:

a) Igikoresho cyo guhuza gishobora kubyara intera ikomeye ihuza ubuso bwa pulasitike n’ibiti;Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kugabanya kwinjiza amazi yifu yinkwi no kunoza guhuza no gukwirakwiza ifu yinkwi na plastiki, bityo imiterere yubukanishi bwibikoresho bikomatanyije neza cyane.Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa ni: isocyanate, isopropylbenzene peroxide, aluminate, phthalates, umukozi wa silane, agent ya anhydride yahinduwe na polypropilene (MAN-g-PP), Ethylene-acrylate (EAA).Mubisanzwe, umubare winyongera wibikoresho ni 1wt% ~ 8wt% yumubare wongewe wifu yinkwi, nka agent ya silane uhuza bishobora kunoza ifatizo rya pulasitike ninkwi, kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryifu yinkwi, kugabanya kwinjiza amazi, na alkaline kuvura ifu yinkwi birashobora gusa kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryifu yinkwi, ntishobora kunoza amazi yifu yinkwi hamwe no gufatana na plastiki.Twabibutsa ko umukozi wo guhuza igitsina gabo hamwe namavuta ya stearate azagira reaction yanga, ibyo bigatuma igabanuka ryubwiza bwumusaruro numusaruro iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe.

b) Plastisike Kubisigazwa bimwe na bimwe bifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirahure hamwe no gushonga gutembera neza, nkubukomere PVC, biragoye kuyitunganya iyo ihujwe nifu yinkwi, kandi akenshi birakenerwa kongeramo plastike kugirango itezimbere imikorere yayo.Imiterere ya molekuliyumu ya plastike ikubiyemo polar na non-polar, munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, irashobora kwinjira mumurongo wa polymer molekile, binyuze mumirasire ya polar ikururana kugirango ikore sisitemu imwe kandi ihamye, hamwe no kwinjiza molekile ndende itari polar. bigabanya gukururana kwa molekile ya polymer, kuburyo gutunganya byoroshye.Dibutyl phthalate (DOS) hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki byongerwaho mubiti-plastiki.Kurugero, mubikoresho bya PVC byimbuto yibiti, kongeramo plastike DOP irashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya, kugabanya kubora numwotsi wifu yinkwi, kandi bikongerera imbaraga imbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho mugihe kurambura kuruhuka byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera. ibirimo DOP.

c) Amavuta yo kwisiga Ibiti-bya pulasitike bikenera kongeramo amavuta kugirango byongere ubwiza bwamazi hamwe nuburinganire bwubuso bwibicuruzwa biva hanze, kandi amavuta yakoreshejwe agabanijwemo amavuta yimbere hamwe namavuta yo hanze.Guhitamo amavuta yimbere bifitanye isano na matrix resin yakoreshejwe, igomba kuba ihuza neza na resin ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ikabyara ingaruka runaka ya plastike, kugabanya ingufu zifatika hagati ya molekile muri resin, bigabanya ubukana hagati ya molekile, muri gutumiza kugabanya ibishishwa bya resin no kunoza amazi.Amavuta yo hanze afite uruhare runini rwo gusiga amavuta hagati ya resin nifu yinkwi mugutunganya ibumba rya pulasitike, kandi umurimo wacyo nyamukuru ni uguteza imbere kunyerera.Mubisanzwe amavuta akenshi aba afite imbere ninyuma yo kwisiga.Amavuta yo kwisiga agira ingaruka runaka mubuzima bwa serivisi yibibumbano, ingunguru na screw, ubushobozi bwumusaruro wa extruder, gukoresha ingufu mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, kurangiza hejuru yibicuruzwa hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwubushakashatsi.Amavuta akoreshwa cyane ni: zinc stearate, aside aside ya Ethylene bisfatty amide, ibishashara bya polyester, aside stearic, gurş stearate, ibishashara bya polyethylene, ibishashara bya paraffine, ibishashara bya okiside polyethylene nibindi.

d) Ibara Mu gukoresha ibikoresho-bikozwe mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki, ibintu bikemurwa mu ifu y’ibiti biroroshye kwimukira hejuru y’ibicuruzwa, ku buryo ibicuruzwa bitandukana, kandi amaherezo bigahinduka imvi, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ahantu runaka bikoreshwa, ariko kandi utange ibibara byirabura cyangwa ibibara.Kubwibyo, amabara nayo akoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho bya plastiki yibikoresho.Irashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bigira ibara rimwe kandi rihamye, kandi decolorisation iratinda.

e) Ibikoresho byo kubumba ibiti-plastiki yibikoresho bifite ibyiza byinshi, ariko kubera guhuza resin nifu yinkwi, guhindagurika kwayo no kurwanya ingaruka ziragabanuka, ibikoresho biravunika, kandi ubucucike bukubye hafi inshuro 2 kurenza ibiti gakondo. ibicuruzwa, bigabanya imikoreshereze yagutse.Bitewe nuburyo bwiza bubyibushye, ibiti byinshi bya pulasitiki bibumbwe bishobora gutambutsa imitsi kandi bikarinda kwaguka kwagutse, bityo bikazamura cyane ingaruka ziterwa no guhindagurika kwibintu, kandi bikagabanya cyane ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byo guhumeka, kandi haribintu bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa: imiti ya endothermic blowing (nka sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) hamwe na exothermic blowing agent (azodibonamide AC), imyitwarire yabo yangirika yubushyuhe iratandukanye, kandi igira ingaruka zitandukanye kuri viscoelasticity na Ifuro ifuro ya polymer yashonga, bityo rero ibikoresho bikwiye kuvuza bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa byo gukoresha ibicuruzwa.

f) Ikoreshwa rya stabilisateur UV nizindi UV stabilisateur nazo zateye imbere byihuse hamwe nogutezimbere ibyo abantu bakeneye kugirango ubuziranenge nigihe kirekire cyibiti bya pulasitiki.Irashobora gukora polymer mubikoresho bigize ibintu ntibitesha agaciro cyangwa imiterere yubukanishi igabanuka.Bikunze gukoreshwa byahagaritswe amine yumucyo hamwe na ultraviolet.Byongeye kandi, kugirango ukore ibikoresho byose bishobora gukomeza kugaragara neza no gukora neza, akenshi birakenewe kongeramo imiti igabanya ubukana, kandi guhitamo imiti igabanya ubukana bigomba gutekereza ku bwoko bwifu yinkwi, ubwinshi bwiyongereye, bagiteri muri ibikoresho bifatika bikoresha ibidukikije, amazi yibicuruzwa nibindi bintu.Zinc borate, kurugero, irinda ariko ntabwo algal.

Gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho bigize ibiti bya pulasitiki ntibishobora kohereza ibinyabuzima byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu ku bidukikije, kandi n’ibiti bya pulasitiki ubwabyo birashobora gutunganywa no gukoreshwa, bityo ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki ni ubwoko bushya bwo kurengera ibidukikije; ibicuruzwa, bishobora kuba isuku yibidukikije kandi bifite iterambere ryagutse